Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a type of refractive eye surgery used to correct vision problems, such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. The procedure involves the use of a laser to reshape the cornea, the clear front part of the eye, to improve how light is focused on the retina, thereby enhancing visual acuity. Unlike LASIK, PRK does not require the creation of a corneal flap; instead, the outer layer of the cornea, known as the epithelium, is gently removed to allow the laser to directly sculpt the underlying corneal tissue. PRK is typically performed to reduce dependence on glasses or contact lenses, and it is suitable for patients with thin corneas or other conditions that make LASIK less feasible. However, the procedure carries potential complications and risks. Common side effects include discomfort and blurry vision during the initial healing phase, which can last several days to weeks as the corneal epithelium regenerates. Other complications include infection, corneal haze, and over- or under-correction of the refractive error, which may require additional treatments. There is also a risk of persistent dryness or visual disturbances such as glare and halos around lights, especially during the early recovery period. Long-term complications are rare but can include regression of the initial vision improvement. Post-operative care involves the use of medicated eye drops, avoiding rubbing the eyes, and regular follow-up visits to monitor healing and visual outcomes. Effective management and adherence to post-surgical instructions are crucial for optimizing results and minimizing risks.
